The Long March was a legendary 6,000 mile journey by the Chinese Communist Party in 1934-35 to escape the Nationalist armies. In 1937, Japan invaded China and committed numerous atrocities against the Chinese people. The Long March and Japanese invasion had a profound impact on the Chinese people and their history. The Long March helped solidify the CCP's support among the rural population of China.
China: The Long March and Japanese Invasion
Which population, primarily, was swayed to the Communist cause during the Long March
- Urban Elites
- Rural Peasants
- Merchants
- Foreign powers
How far was the "Long" March?
- 1,000 Miles
- 3,000 Miles
- 6,000 Miles
- 9,000 Miles
The journey was marked by extreme hardships, including harsh weather and hostile encounters. The route of the Long March was so secret that even the soldiers weren't told where they were going until the very last minute. The Long March was made up of 100,00-85,000 soldiers but by the end of the march only 10,000-8,000 remained. Mao Zedong emerged as the paramount leader of the CCP during the Long March.
Did you know?
Who emerged as the leader of the Communists during the Long March?
- Mao Zedong
- Zhu De
- Zhou Enlai
- Lin Biao
The conflict started with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on July 7, 1937, near Beijing. The Nanjing Massacre, which took place from December 1937 to January 1938, resulted in the brutal killing and widespread atrocities committed by Japanese troops against Chinese civilians (200,000 killed).
The Japanese Invasion in 1937
When did the Japanese invade China?
- July 7, 1937
- July 7, 1939
- August 10, 1941
- The Japanese were attacked
About how many civilians were killed during the Nanjing Massacre?
The Chinese resistance, led by the Nationalist Party and Communist Party working together, transitioned to guerrilla warfare tactics and focused on defending strongholds and launching hit-and-run attacks (Using short surprise attacks, withdrawing before the enemy can respond in force).
Stalemate/Guerrilla Warfare(1938-1940)
Between 1938-40 what which tactic did the Chinese rely upon?
China, both Communists and Nationalists, received increased support from the Allied Powers, particularly the United States. The turning point of the war came in 1943 with the successful Chinese victory in the Battle of Changsha, which halted Japanese advances in central China.
Allied Support (1941-1945)
When and where did the Chinese halt the Japanese advance?
Following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's entry into the war, Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, bringing an end to the Japanese invasion of China.
Japanese Surrender (1945)
When did the Japanese Surrender?
- July 7, 1937
- August 15, 1945
- August 4, 1946
- December 25, 1948
In addition to the Russian invasion, what else convinced the Japanese to surrender?
In a few words, describe what the Long March and the Japanese invasion were.
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How did the Long March and the Japanese invasion shape China's political and military situation during the 20th century?
How did the Japanese invasion change the nature of the Chinese Civil War?
Brain break: Draw a WW II bomber delivering a fish to a family of penguins who live in igloo village.