If you were President, how would you reunite the nation after the Civil War? (punish or pardon)
If you were President, what would be your biggest challenge rebuilding?
Reconstruction aimed to The Reconstruction era lasted from 1865 to 1877. The period saw a variety of changes, including amendments to the Constitution.
Reconstruction: Rebuilding the US after the Civil War
On April 14, 1865, just With Lincoln's death, the presidency now fell to Andrew Johnson.
Lincoln’s Assassination
When was Reconstruction? (dates)
Johnson was a southerner and former slave owner who was sympathetic to the South. His plan to rebuild the nation was called Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson
One word to describe Presidential Reconstruction
Presidential VS Congressional Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson tries to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton because he was closely tied to the Congressional Republicans. However, such a move violated the Tenure in Office Act, which limited the president's power to hire and fire government officials. Congress voted to impeach (charged with wrongdoing in order to remove from office) the president of the United States. On May 16, 1868, the Senate voted to acquit (innocent or cleared) Johnson's presidency by just one vote.
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Under Congressional Reconstruction: The southern states were put under military rule - divided the south into districts. Federal troops oversaw the south and tried to ensure that the former slaves were protected Southern states had to hold new constitutional conventions. Southern states had to ratify the 13th Amendment, 14th Amendment, 15th Amendment
Congressional Reconstruction
The 13th Amendment: Ended slavery throughout the United States The 14th Amendment: Guarantees that no one (regardless of race) would be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process. The 15th Amendment: All male citizens have the right to vote, 21 years of age
Reconstruction Amendments
Who was NOT impacted by the 15th Amendment
In an effort to help freed slaves, poor whites and American Indians Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (the Freedmen's Bureau). The Freedmen's Bureau provided clothes, medical attention, food, education, and even land to African Americans coming out of slavery. Lacking support and federal money, it eventually ended in 1869. However, during its brief time, it helped many slaves transition to freedom throughout the South.
Freedmen’s Bureau (SSUSH10b)
Which of the following was a goal of Reconstruction?
- To reunite the country after the Civil War
- To eliminate slavery in the United States
- To implement racial segregation in the South
- To ensure the rights of former slaves
Explain how former slaves were protected during Reconstruction
Which Amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
- 13th Amendment
- 14th Amendment
- 15th Amendment
- 16th Amendment
Work together in pairs: What impact did Reconstruction have on the African American community?
Work together in pairs: What were the most important Reconstruction Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, and why were they necessary?
What was the main purpose of Reconstruction?
- To rebuild the South after the Civil War
- To expand voting rights for African Americans
- To create a new economic system in the South
- To restore the Union of the United States
Which of the following is an example of Reconstruction legislation?
- The 13th Amendment
- The 14th Amendment
- The Homestead Act
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Northerners protested that the Black Codes of South Carolina and other Southern states attempted to restore slavery. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
The end of the Civil War marked the end of slavery for 4 million black Southerners. But the war also left them landless and with little money to support themselves. White Southerners, seeking to control the freedmen (former slaves), devised special state law codes. Many Northerners saw these codes as blatant attempts to restore slavery. White Southerners resented being ruled by Union military governors and Freedmen’s Bureau officials. They sought to restore self-rule. During the summer and fall of 1865, most of the old Confederate states held constitutional conventions. President Johnson’s reconstruction plan permitted only white persons to vote for convention delegates or to participate in the framing of the new state governments. Not surprisingly, none of the state conventions
Southern Resistance to Reconstruction
White Southerners resented being ruled by Union military governors and Freedmen’s Bureau officials. They sought to restore self-rule. During the summer and fall of 1865, most of the old Confederate states held constitutional conventions. President Johnson’s reconstruction plan permitted only white persons to vote for convention delegates or to participate in the framing of the new state governments. Not surprisingly, none of the state conventions considered extending the right to vote to freedmen.
Southern Resistance to Reconstruction
Use the link in Google Classroom to complete the activity Title: Reconstruction Resistance & the creation of Black Codes
Partner Activity- 7 minutes