What is the basic unit of life?
Cell Membrane Junction
Although certain cell types are loose in the body, like a blood cell, many other types of cells are connected and bound by cell membrane junctions There are three types of junctions Tight Junctions: Impermeable junctions that encircle cells and bind them into sheets Like in the small intestine these junctions prevent digestive enzymes from seeping into the bloodstream Desmosomes: Anchoring junctions scattered along the sides of adjacent cells This prevents cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart, like the heart muscles Gap Junctions: This allows for communication. In gap junctions, neighboring cells are connected by hollow cylinders composed of proteins, and this allows for nutrients and ions to pass through
The Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell and houses the DNA DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is the blueprint for building an organism The nucleus has three main regions Nuclear Envelope: a double membrane barrier that decides what is allowed in and out of the cell Nucleolus: The site where ribosomes are created, and these will be used to create proteins Chromatin: a string like structure that the DNA wind up on, like beads on a string
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Cell Diversity
The human body has over 200 different cell types that vary greatly in size, shape, and function Cells are diverse, so they all can carry out different functions like Connect body parts Cover and line body organs Move organs and body parts Store nutrients Fight disease Gather information and control body functions Reproduction
Cell Division
The cell life cycle is a series of changes a cell goes through from the time its formed until is divides The function of cell division is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes Because all cells must have the same genetic information, the cells must replicate their DNA before dividing
What is the name for cell division?
- Mitosis
- Metaphas
- Somatic
- Cellular Respiration
DNA Replication
The process begins as the DNA helix “unzips” and separates it into two chains These strands will act as templates for the new DNA New nucleotides will be added based on the base pairing rules A-T C-G